1951 · Leslie Cross

The Founding Letters

The original correspondence in which Leslie Cross defined veganism as "the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals."

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The principle, in his own words

In 1951, Leslie Cross — then Vice-President of the Vegan Society — wrote the letters that gave veganism its clearest formal definition. The principle is short, absolute, and easy to misread once you know the version that came later.

"The object of the Society shall be to end the exploitation of animals by man"; and "The word veganism shall mean the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals." — Leslie Cross, 1951

No qualifiers. No "as far as possible and practicable." No room for negotiation. The full text — every letter Cross wrote on the subject, and the contemporary writings around them — is preserved in the archive below.